ACSM Personal Trainer Certification Practice Exam

Retraction of the scapula is defined as:

1. Moving the scapula toward the midline

2. Moving the scapula away from the midline

3. Elevating the scapula

4. Depressing the scapula

The correct answer is: Moving the scapula toward the midline

Retraction of the scapula refers to the movement where the shoulder blades are pulled toward the spine, effectively bringing them closer together along the midline of the body. This movement is primarily facilitated by muscles such as the rhomboids and the middle trapezius, which contract to draw the scapulae inward. Understanding this definition is crucial for personal trainers who need to instruct clients on proper form during exercises that require stabilization or alignment of the shoulder girdle. For instance, exercises like rows or reverse flys involve scapular retraction, which enhances upper back strength and promotes better posture. The other movements, such as protraction (moving the scapula away from the midline), elevation (lifting the scapula), and depression (lowering the scapula), describe different actions and are not synonymous with retraction. Recognizing these distinctions helps in providing proper guidance during resistance training and rehabilitation exercises.